This is a year-long course for students who are beginning the study of Modern Standard Arabic (MSA). The main objective of the course is to develop speaking, listening, reading, and writing skills in MSA. Part of the first semester concentrates on the Arabic alphabetic writing system, pronunciation, basic conversation, and an introduction to Arabic grammar. Class work includes dictation, group conversations, listening exercises, and activities focused on developing written skills. Online audio and visual materials are used to reinforce communication and vocabulary building, to expose students to authentic language resources, and to help students practice inside and outside of the class. Instruction will include an introduction to the customs and cultures of the Arabic-speaking world. Offered every year.

This is a year-long course for students who are beginning the study of Modern Standard Arabic (MSA). The main objective of the course is to develop speaking, listening, reading, and writing skills in MSA. Part of the first semester concentrates on the Arabic alphabetic writing system, pronunciation, basic conversation, and an introduction to Arabic grammar. Class work includes dictation, group conversations, listening exercises, and activities focused on developing written skills. Online audio and visual materials are used to reinforce communication and vocabulary building, to expose students to authentic language resources, and to help students practice inside and outside of the class. Instruction will include an introduction to the customs and cultures of the Arabic-speaking world. Offered every year.

Intermediate Arabic I is open to any student who has completed Beginning Arabic or the equivalent. The main objective of the course is to develop speaking, listening, reading, writing skills in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) at the intermediate-novice level. Class work includes reading comprehension activities, vocabulary building activities, giving presentations in Arabic, listening to authentic texts, and guided class discussion in the target language. Students will conduct a research project using MSA as the medium for research and presentation. Students are expected to use online and extracurricular resources (some provided by the instructor) to help improve their skills and complete assignments outside of class. Prerequisite: ARBC 102Y, the equivalent, or permission of the instructor. Offered every year.

This course continues language study from advanced-intermediate level Arabic through advanced levels. Advanced-Intermediate to Advanced Arabic is open to any student who has completed Intermediate Arabic 202 or the equivalent. The main objective of the course is to develop speaking, listening, reading, writing skills in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) at the advanced intermediate to advanced level. Class work includes reading authentic texts vocabulary building, presenting research in Arabic, listening to authentic media (such as news, films, and television programs), and class discussion in the target language. Students will conduct research using authentic Arabic texts and online materials. There will also be opportunities to study dialect in an informal setting. Students are expected to use online and extracurricular resources to help improve their skills and complete assignments outside of class. By the end of Advanced-Intermediate to Advanced Arabic, students will be able to communicate at the advanced level including the ability to recognize different genres of literature, read newspapers with the use of a dictionary, and comprehend basic information from media resources without the use of a dictionary. Prerequisites: ARBC 202, the equivalent, or permission of the instructor.

Designed to help students attain advanced proficiency in reading, composition, and oral-aural understanding of Modern Standard Arabic, this course is based on adapted and authentic Arabic texts. Based on the premise that linguistic texts are never divorced from their cultural context in which they were created, this course provides students with the opportunity to read Arabic in various genres and historical stages. The first is through the Qur'an, which has preserved the language through the centuries and has enabled Arabs from various dialects to communicate. The purpose is not to study these texts from a religious perspective. Thus, verses that contain common moral connotations among different religions, like the Ten Commandments, are selected to introduce students to the texts' linguistic style. The second is through selected poems, and short anecdotes throughout the period from the middle ages to the modern era. Poets, like Almutanabbi, Gibran Khalil, and Nazik al-Mala'ika will be studied through samples of their literature. The third is through cyberspace texts and commentaries created by two young leaders of the Arab Spring. These are Tawakul Karman of Yemen and Wael Ghonim of Egypt. Samples of the available online texts generated by these two international figures, including facebook and twitter pages, blogs, interviews, and articles will be surveyed. Prerequisite: ARBC 202

This is the first half of the basic introductory language course in Modern Standard Chinese (Putonghua). This course will develop students' basic communicative competence in the Chinese language and their understanding of the Chinese culture. Throughout the course, students develop their listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills across the three communicative modes: interpretive, interpersonal, and presentational. In the first semester, the pronunciation and some basic grammar will be taught. The bulk of in-class work will be devoted to developing oral and aural skills. There will also be an introduction to the Chinese writing system. Class meetings range from eight to nine hours per week in the first semester, to seven to eight hours per week in the second. There will be required self language practice as well. Offered every year.

This course is a continuation of CHNS 111Y-112Y. By the end of the first semester, all the basic grammar of Modern Standard Chinese (Putonghua) and another 300 Chinese characters will have been introduced. There will be extensive oral and written assignments. In the second semester, there will be a review of the basic grammar through in-class oral work and an introduction to the elements of Modern Written Chinese grammar. In both semesters, there will be two required drill and discussion sessions each week with an apprentice teacher. Prerequisite: CHNS 111Y-112Y or equivalent. Offered every year.

This course is an upper-level course for students who wish to develop and refine their ability to understand, speak, read, and write Modern Standard Chinese. There will be extensive reading that deals with aspects of Chinese culture and society. Reading assignments serve as points of departure for discussion and composition. Video materials will also be used for this purpose. This course is recommended for students wishing to specialize in any field related to China. The course may be repeated with credit. Prerequisite: CHNS 213Y-214Y or equivalent, or permission of instructor. Offered every year.

This course serves as an introduction to Chinese literary traditions from the first millennium B.C. to 1911. Readings, all in English translation, include the most beloved literary texts that unify Chinese civilization through its long history, selected from early poetry and history, Confucian and Daoist classics, tales of the strange, Tang Dynasty poetry, short stories and drama written in vernacular language, and novels from late Imperial period. The discussion-based seminar will explore how Chinese literature, seen as a means of achieving immortality along with virtue, confirms social values or challenges them, and how it articulates the place of the individual in a thoroughly Confucian and patriarchal society. No prerequisites. Students need not have any background in Chinese language or culture. Normally offered every other year.

The course is an upper-level course for students to develop their advanced communicative competence in the Chinese language and their understanding of the contemporary social cultural issues in China. Throughout the course, students develop their listening, speaking, reading and writing skills across the three communicative modes: interpretive, interpersonal, and presentational. Reading materials include writings on aspects of Chinese society and culture to serve as points of departure for discussion and composition. Video materials will also be used as well. Reading and writing assignments will emphasize use of both simplified and traditional forms of Chinese characters. This course is recommended for students wishing to specialize in any field related to China. Prerequisite: Intermediate High (OPI Scale) or above or CHNS 321 or CHNS 322.

This is a year-long course offering the equivalent of three semesters of conventional language study. Work for the course includes required practice sessions with an apprentice teacher (AT), which will be scheduled at the beginning of the semester. Class meetings and AT practice sessions are supplemented with online activities and written homework. Work in class focuses primarily on developing listening comprehension and speaking skills while reinforcing vocabulary acquisition and the use of grammatical structures. Written exercises, short compositions, and elementary reading materials serve to develop writing and reading skills and promote in-class discussion. There are normally eight to nine hours of class instruction in the first semester (including AT sessions). This course is intended for students who have had no prior experience with French or who are placed in FREN 111Y-112Y on the basis of a placement exam administered during Orientation. Offered every year.

This is a year-long course offering the equivalent of three semesters of conventional language study. Work for the course includes required practice sessions with an apprentice teacher (AT), which will be scheduled at the beginning of the semester. Class meetings and AT practice sessions are supplemented with online activities and written homework. Work in class focuses primarily on developing listening comprehension and speaking skills while reinforcing vocabulary acquisition and the use of grammatical structures. Written exercises, short compositions, and elementary reading materials serve to develop writing and reading skills and promote in-class discussion. There are normally eight to nine hours of class instruction in the first semester (including AT sessions). This course is intended for students who have had no prior experience with French or who are placed in FREN 111Y-112Y on the basis of a placement exam administered during Orientation. Offered every year.

This is an intermediate-level course open to students who have successfully completed FREN 111Y-112Y or who qualify by virtue of a placement test. It is designed for students interested in further developing their ability to speak, write, and read French. The course includes a comprehensive grammar review and short cultural and literary readings, which will serve as points of departure for class discussion. Course requirements include attendance at one extra discussion section per week with a language assistant. Attendance at a weekly French table is strongly encouraged. Prerequisite: FREN 111Y-112Y or equivalent. Offered every year.

This is an intermediate-level course open to students who have successfully completed FREN 111Y-112Y or who qualify by virtue of a placement test. It is designed for students interested in further developing their ability to speak, write, and read French. The course includes a comprehensive grammar review and short cultural and literary readings, which will serve as points of departure for class discussion. Course requirements include attendance at one extra discussion section per week with a language assistant. Attendance at a weekly French table is strongly encouraged. Prerequisite: FREN 111Y-112Y or equivalent. Offered every year.

This course is designed to provide advanced students with the opportunity to strengthen their abilities to write, read, and speak French. The conversation component of the course will focus on the discussion of articles from the current French and Francophone press, films, other media, and Web sites, and on developing the fluency in French to perform linguistically and culturally appropriate tasks. The composition component will seek to improve the ability to write clearly and coherently in French. In order to foster these goals, the course will also provide a review of selected advanced grammatical structures and work on literary excerpts. Prerequisite: FREN 213Y-214Y or equivalent. Offered every year.

The purpose of this course is to introduce students to the study of three major literary genres--poetry, theater, and the novel--from the French Revolution to the twenty-first century. Readings will include the works of authors such as Hugo, Baudelaire, Lamartine, Balzac, Mallarmé, Colette, Cocteau, Camus, and Sartre. The course seeks to help students gain a deeper understanding of French literary history and of its relationship to major social and philosophical movements. In addition to exploring certain themes, we will see how the literature reflects important societal and intellectual debates of the time. The course will continue the development of the skills of literary analysis, guided discussion, and essay writing in French. The course will be conducted in French. Prerequisite: FREN 213Y-214Y or equivalent; FREN 321recommended. Offered every year or alternating with FREN 323.

This course focuses on 20th and 21st century European Francophone literature written by authors of allophone origins who came to French from other languages: Andrei Makine, E.M. Cioran, Agota Kristof, Milan Kundera, Oana Orlea, Ismail Kadare. Questions raised by the works read will include: exile and migration, bilingualism, Francophonie/Francophilie, world literature, autobiography/autofiction, alterity. In addition to literary readings, we will study theoretical texts by Pascale Casanova, Jean-Marc Moura, Michel Le Bris, Jean Rouaud, among others. Prerequisite: FREN 321 or equivalent.

This is the first half of a year-long course for students who are beginning the study of German or who have had only minimal exposure to the language. The first semester introduces students to the German language in all four modalities: reading, writing, speaking, and listening. The work includes practice (in class, in scheduled review sessions with an apprentice teacher, and using an online workbook) in understanding and using the spoken language. Written exercises and elementary reading materials completed outside class serve as a basis for vocabulary-building and in-class discussion and role-plays. Students will also write four short essays on familiar topics over the course of the semester. During the second semester there is more advanced practice in the use of the spoken and written language, and we will use short fictional and authentic cultural texts in order to develop techniques of reading. The class meets four and one-half hours per week with the professor, and an additional three hours per week with an apprentice teacher. Offered every fall semester.

This first-semester middle-level course is designed to develop German reading, writing, and speaking skills beyond GERM 111Y-112Y. A grammar text is used for reviewing and expanding upon aspects of German grammar from the first year. We will apply this review to the reading of short literary and journalistic texts, to gaining a basic understanding of films in the original German, and to conversation in German with a partner or in groups. These texts and films will serve as a point of departure for short compositions as well. Keeping a diary in German is also an integral component of the course. An apprentice teacher or language assistant will conduct a fourth weekly meeting, in addition to the three regular classes. Prerequisite: successful completion of GERM 111Y-112Y or equivalent. Offered every fall semester.

In this course, we will explore a wide array of topics in contemporary German culture, in order to provide advanced students with the opportunity to strengthen their abilities to write, read, and speak German. Topics may include the impact of reunification on contemporary Germany; religious life and popular music. Material for conversation and composition may be provided by textbooks and/orarticles from the current press in German-speaking countries, films, other media, and Web sites. Students will develop fluency in German in order to perform linguistically and culturally appropriate tasks. The composition component will seek to improve the ability to write clearly and coherently in German. To foster these goals, the course will also provide a review of advanced grammatical structures. Prerequisite: completion of GERM 213Y-214Y or equivalent. Offered every fall semester.

In this course, we will attempt to gain an understanding of some of the most complex poetry in German in the twentieth century. At least two of the poets we will study -- Rainer Maria Rilke and Paul Celan -- have made it into the canon of what some call "World Literature." Our approach will be theoretical in that we will start with a seminal work in German aesthetics, Nietzsche's Birth of Tragedy, and throughout the semester, we will discuss the poems side by side with philosophical and critical essays on the poems in question. German twentieth-century poetry has resonated in extraordinary ways with writers in theoretically and philosophically oriented criticism. Theoretical work we will discuss in this course will include Martin Heidegger's essays "What are Poets for?" and "Language," Hans Georg Gadamer's essays on Rilke and Celan, Werner Hamacher's "The Second of Inversion," Adorno's "The Lyric and Society," and Paul De Man's "Tropes (Rilke)." In addition to Rilke and Celan, we will study poems by Else Lasker-Schüler, Stefan George, Georg Trakl, Gertrud Kolmar, and Gottfried Benn. The readings will open up perspectives on the central aspects of criticism on poetry, namely the relationship between philosophical thought and poetry, the relationship between poetry and language, the problem of self-reference, and questions of history and memory. Open to students of all levels. No German language proficiency required, as all readings will be in English. Normally offered every two to three years.

At the turn of the twentieth century, Vienna was home to figures as diverse as Sigmund Freud, Gustav Klimt, Gustav Mahler, Leon Trotsky, and Adolf Hitler. How do we begin explain the extraordinary cultural energy that characterized this capital of the far-flung Austro-Hungarian Empire? The course will first examine some of the tensions that characterized "fin-de-siècle" Vienna, including a new urban modernism that confronted historicist architectural trends, the rise of mass politics and the simultaneous disintegration of political liberalism, and the centripetal force exerted by the monarchy in Vienna vis-à-vis centrifugal nationalist movements at the periphery of the Habsburg empire. Against this historical backdrop, Vienna 1900 became home to a variety modernist artistic, cultural, and intellectual movements that fascinate us to this day, even as it confronted issues that remain relevant for the modern multi-ethnic state. We shall explore a wide variety of significant figures in literature (Schnitzler, Hofmannsthal, Musil, Kraus), music (Mahler, R. Strauss, Schönberg), and the visual arts (Klimt, Schiele, Kokoschka, Otto Wagner, Adolf Loos). We will investigate the psychoanalysis of Freud and the philosophies of Wittgenstein and Weininger. Finally, we shall examine the specific role that Jews played in this cultural flowering, including tracing the emergence of modern Zionism (Theodor Herzl) in a context of growing antisemitism. The course will be conducted as a seminar. Prerequisite: GERM 325 or equivalent. Permission of instructor possible for students who have completed GERM 321.

This is the first half of a a year-long course for students who are beginning the study of Italian or who have studied it only minimally. The first semester's work comprises an introduction to Italian as a spoken and written language. The work includes practice (in class and in sessions with an apprentice teacher) for understanding and using the spoken and written language. Written exercises, themes, oral reports, and readings develop communicative skills. Coursework includes daily homework, chapter tests, a midterm, and end of semester test. Offered every year.

This first half of the intermediate-level course develops speaking, reading, and writing skills, while considering cultural themes. The activities and materials introduce modern history, literature, film, and music. Written themes develop writing skills. Aural activities develop verbal skills. There are bi-weekly chapter tests, a midterm, and an end-of-semester exam, as well as a short essay in Italian. Two fifty-minute practice sessions are required weekly. Attendance at evening film showings (alternate weeks) is also required. The class is conducted in Italian. Prerequisite: ITAL 111Y-112Y. Offered every year.

This upper-level course, taught in Italian, provides an introduction to contemporary Italian literature in its historical context. The course deepens understanding of the Italian language through advanced analysis of grammar and syntax in literary texts. Beyond reading and discussion, coursework includes short response papers, a research paper, oral presentations, and a final exam. Attendance at evening film showings is required. Prerequisite: ITAL 213Y-214Y, or equivalent. Offered every year.

This course focuses on Italian literature from the end of the eighteenth century to the twentieth, including authors such as Foscolo, Leopardi, Manzoni, d' Annunzio, and Montale. Through close reading and written analysis, it aims to develop a critical understanding of texts from Romanticism to the most significant ones during the twentieth century. The course sets texts in their historical context and supplements them with selected critical essays. This course also considers related contemporary cultural movements in literature and the visual arts, particularly in France and England. Beyond readings and discussions, coursework includes response papers, oral presentations, a final oral exam and a long paper. The course is taught in Italian. Prerequisite: ITAL 321 or equivalent.

JAPN 111Y-112Y constitute the first two sequences of the five-semester Japanese program. The course will introduce basic Modern Standard Japanese that is based on the Tokyo dialect. The class work will focus on developing basic skills in speaking, listening, reading, and writing. Students will learn polite and plain speech styles. They will also study three types of Japanese orthography: hiragana, katakana, and approximately 150 kanji (Chinese characters). Class meetings range from nine hours per week in the first semester to eight hours per week in the second, with a fifty minute evening session each day of class. Offered every year.

This course and JAPN 214Y constitute the third and fourth sequences of the five-semester Japanese program. By the end of the year, students will learn all the basic grammar of Modern Standard Japanese and the cumulative total of 300 kanji, with an additional 150 to be introduced. The course will provide extensive oral and written assignments, and it requires two evening review sessions per week. Prerequisite: JAPN 111Y-112Y or equivalent. Offered every year.

This is the final sequence of the five-semester Japanese program. This course is designed to develop students' ability to understand authentic Modern Standard Japanese, i.e. the language used in visual and print media in contemporary Japan. By the end of the year, students will learn 200 new kanji, completing their study of the most frequent 500 kanji. They will also practice utilizing electronic resources for their study. This course is required for students who plan to minor in Japanese. Prerequisite: JAPN 213Y-214Y or equivalent, or permission of instructor. Offered every year.

This course introduces wide range of topics on Japanese culture including geography, history, religion, family, literature and pop culture to students encountering the formal study of Japanese culture for the first time. Students learn about contemporary and traditional Japanese culture that serves as a foundation for contemporary Japanese society. Students explore the different philosophy between Western and Japanese by using materials from various media such as book chapters, news articles and movies. The course aims at student success in three aspects throughout the course:(1) Understand the basic ideas and key concepts of contemporary Japanese culture that are necessary for further study; (2) Examine what makes Japan unique and distinctive; (3) Reevaluate the Western philosophy and social theory. The class will be taught in English. No prerequisites.

The course presents significant films from different cultures in the history of world cinema that treat a given theme, such as the tension between obedience and autonomy, appetite and intention, or love and loss. The films are studied to understand how their artistic qualities convey thematic content and to stimulate students' shared reflection on their own values, behavior and ability to make conscious choices. A recent theme concerned obedience and autonomy, in terms of the challenge to become fully oneself in community with others, from the micro-level of the child within a family to the macro-level of the citizen in a sociopolitical context. Secondary source material on the theme complements reading in film theory and history to guide class discussion of the films. In addition, films are considered in their geographical and historical context and students are responsible for the factual information about the setting and creation of the films. Coursework is designed for students to develop visual acumen and interpretive skill expressed precisely in speech and writing through guided practice. One purpose of the work is to foster sensitivity to cultural variation. Another is to enable students to discern similarities and differences as they are portrayed between and among the cultures depicted in the films. Coursework includes collaborative preparation for class, quizzes, short writing assignments, oral presentations, two papers and a final exam. The course is open to first year students. Attendance at weekly film showings outside of class is required. Films are subtitled. Directors include internationally renowned figures such as Satyajit Ray, Truffaut, Tarkovsky, Haneke, and others. This course counts toward the Film Studies major. There is no prerequisite required.

This course is an introductory language course that emphasizes language proficiency in all four skills: speaking, reading, listening, and writing. After the first year, students will be able to discuss most everyday topics; they will learn essentials of Russian grammar and vocabulary. The course will also introduce students to facts about Russian life, culture, history, and geography. The class will meet nine hours per week: five hours with the master teacher and four hours with the apprentice teacher. Offered every year.

In this course, students continue the study of the language, concentrating on the development of oral communication and writing skills. Work for the course will involve regular study of new vocabulary, extensive reading, and writing. In class, we will review some important aspects of grammar, focusing on communication within a variety of contexts. The skills of listening and comprehension, speaking, and participating in discussion will be further developed. Students will be introduced to more facts about Russian culture. They will read excerpts from Russian literature and learn some poetry. The class meets three times a week with the master teacher and twice a week with the apprentice teacher. Attendance at Russian Table is required. Prerequisite: RUSS 111Y-112Y or equivalent. Offered every year.

This course provides beginning advanced students of Russian the opportunity to continue their study of the language, concentrating on the development of the four skills: reading, writing, speaking and listening. To strengthen their writing, students will be required to write several essays during the course of the semester. Work for the course will involve regular study of new vocabulary, reading a variety of texts, and writing essays. A main focus of this course is communication within a variety of contexts while trying to enhance listening, reading comprehension, and oral proficiency. One additional practice session, conducted by an apprentice teacher, may be required. Prerequisite: RUSS 213Y-214Y or permission of instructor. This course can be repeated for credit with a change of teaching materials. In such a case, permission of the instructor is required. Offered every year.

This first half of a year-long course is for students who are beginning the study of Spanish or who have had only minimal exposure to the language. The course offers the equivalent of conventional beginning and intermediate language study. The first semester's work comprises an introduction to Spanish as a spoken and written language. The work includes practice, in both master teacher classes and scheduled drill sessions with an apprentice teacher, in understanding and using the spoken language. Written exercises and elementary reading materials serve to reinforce communicative skills, build vocabulary, and enhance discussion. Offered every year.

This first half of a year-long course is for students who are beginning the study of Spanish or who have had only minimal exposure to the language. The course offers the equivalent of conventional beginning and intermediate language study. The first semester's work comprises an introduction to Spanish as a spoken and written language. The work includes practice, in both master teacher classes and scheduled drill sessions with an apprentice teacher, in understanding and using the spoken language. Written exercises and elementary reading materials serve to reinforce communicative skills, build vocabulary, and enhance discussion. Offered every year.

This first half of a year-long course is for students who are beginning the study of Spanish or who have had only minimal exposure to the language. The course offers the equivalent of conventional beginning and intermediate language study. The first semester's work comprises an introduction to Spanish as a spoken and written language. The work includes practice, in both master teacher classes and scheduled drill sessions with an apprentice teacher, in understanding and using the spoken language. Written exercises and elementary reading materials serve to reinforce communicative skills, build vocabulary, and enhance discussion. Offered every year.

This first half of a year-long course is for students who are beginning the study of Spanish or who have had only minimal exposure to the language. The course offers the equivalent of conventional beginning and intermediate language study. The first semester's work comprises an introduction to Spanish as a spoken and written language. The work includes practice, in both master teacher classes and scheduled drill sessions with an apprentice teacher, in understanding and using the spoken language. Written exercises and elementary reading materials serve to reinforce communicative skills, build vocabulary, and enhance discussion. Offered every year.

This first half of a year-long course is for students who are beginning the study of Spanish or who have had only minimal exposure to the language. The course offers the equivalent of conventional beginning and intermediate language study. The first semester's work comprises an introduction to Spanish as a spoken and written language. The work includes practice, in both master teacher classes and scheduled drill sessions with an apprentice teacher, in understanding and using the spoken language. Written exercises and elementary reading materials serve to reinforce communicative skills, build vocabulary, and enhance discussion. Offered every year.

This first half of the year-long intermediate-level language course is designed for students who are interested in developing their ability to speak, read, write, and understand Spanish. A comprehensive grammar review is included. The texts chosen for the course serve as a general introduction to Hispanic culture and literature. Short articles from the Hispanic press and Spanish-language magazines, language software, and a video series of images from Spanish-speaking cultures are among the materials on which class activities may be centered. One additional fifty-minute practice session per week, conducted by a language teaching assistant, will be required. Prerequisite: SPAN 111Y-112Y or equivalent. Offered every year.

This first half of the year-long intermediate-level language course is designed for students who are interested in developing their ability to speak, read, write, and understand Spanish. A comprehensive grammar review is included. The texts chosen for the course serve as a general introduction to Hispanic culture and literature. Short articles from the Hispanic press and Spanish-language magazines, language software, and a video series of images from Spanish-speaking cultures are among the materials on which class activities may be centered. One additional fifty-minute practice session per week, conducted by a language teaching assistant, will be required. Prerequisite: SPAN 111Y-112Y or equivalent. Offered every year.

This first half of the year-long intermediate-level language course is designed for students who are interested in developing their ability to speak, read, write, and understand Spanish. A comprehensive grammar review is included. The texts chosen for the course serve as a general introduction to Hispanic culture and literature. Short articles from the Hispanic press and Spanish-language magazines, language software, and a video series of images from Spanish-speaking cultures are among the materials on which class activities may be centered. One additional fifty-minute practice session per week, conducted by a language teaching assistant, will be required. Prerequisite: SPAN 111Y-112Y or equivalent. Offered every year.

This course is designed to give advanced students the opportunity to refine and increase their abilities to write, read, and speak Spanish. The course will have a strong emphasis on oral proficiency. Cultural and literary readings, writing software, and selected Spanish-language films are among the materials on which class discussion and assignments may be centered. A grammar review, focused mainly on typical areas of difficulty, will be included. Prerequisite: SPAN 213Y-214Y or equivalent. Offered every year.

This course is designed to give advanced students the opportunity to refine and increase their abilities to write, read, and speak Spanish. The course will have a strong emphasis on oral proficiency. Cultural and literary readings, writing software, and selected Spanish-language films are among the materials on which class discussion and assignments may be centered. A grammar review, focused mainly on typical areas of difficulty, will be included. Prerequisite: SPAN 213Y-214Y or equivalent. Offered every year.

This course is designed to give advanced students the opportunity to refine and increase their abilities to write, read, and speak Spanish. The course will have a strong emphasis on oral proficiency. Cultural and literary readings, writing software, and selected Spanish-language films are among the materials on which class discussion and assignments may be centered. A grammar review, focused mainly on typical areas of difficulty, will be included. Prerequisite: SPAN 213Y-214Y or equivalent. Offered every year.

This is an introductory-level literature and culture course whose aim is to explore the relationship between artistic expression and popular culture in Spain from the period of the "Transition" (between the Franco dictatorship and democracy) up to the present. Bringing into focus an array of cultural artifacts from literature, film, music, and the visual arts, the course looks at complexly rendered depictions of the cultural "other" often marginalized due to ethnicity, gender, class, profession, ideology, or language. Among the "others" to be considered are gypsies, flamenco performers, immigrants, working-class women, homosexuals, "toreros," delinquents, law-enforcement officials, and residents of the political and linguistic periphery. Among the cultural artifacts to be considered are films by Jaime Chávarri, Montxo Armendáriz, Carlos Saura, and Julio Médem; the TV program Cuéntame cómo pasó; musical compositions by Camarón de la Isla, "Ketama," "Radio Tarifa," and "Martirio"; illustrated anti-taurine essays by Manuel Vincent/Ops; and short fiction by Ignacio Martínez de Pisón and Lorenzo Silva. Our discussions, and paper assignments for the course, will draw on ideas from the field of cultural studies. With the exception of some background readings, all work for the course is in Spanish. Prerequisite: completion of SPAN 321 or an appropriate score on Kenyon's placement exam. The course will not generally be open to students who have taken a literature course numbered above 335.

Literature and science have enjoyed a fluid relationship for centuries, but in the particular case of the nineteenth century, the novel became a laboratory for understanding both the individual and society. In Spain, writers sought to capture and critique "reality" with new knowledge about the laws governing behavior, and in the process they came to reveal unanticipated truths about the nature of scientific discovery. In particular, sex was on the mind, and in this course we will attempt to understand how and why. Across Europe, groundbreaking, often disquieting schools of thought fueled the popular imagination, from evolutionism to criminology, experimental medicine, and psychoanalysis. Together, in Spanish translation, these writings and related essays on sex will frame our discussions of novels from several of the greatest Spanish realists, including Benito Pérez Galdós, Emilia Pardo Bazán, Jacinto Octavio Picón, and Leopoldo Alas (Clarín). Their representations both disturb and entertain, feeling more like fun-house mirrors than anything else, and thus we will no doubt question the science of such reflections. Our last author will be Miguel de Unamuno, as we look at how this wayward realist and his later novel Niebla (1914) managed to turn the entire enterprise on its head.

Using literature, art, and history as the primary sources of exploration, this course examines aesthetic constructions of Mexico from the movement of independence led by Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla in 1810 to the present. Through close analysis of the most representative and influential works of Mexican literature and art, the course explores thematically and chronologically an array of issues, including early nation building, the Mexican Revolution, cuadillismo, political repression, machismo, malinchismo, and diverse conceptualizations of national identity. The course will focus on how prominent writers such as Octavio Paz, Carlos Fuentes, Mariano Azuela, Rodolfo Usigli, Elena Poniatowska, Elena Garro, and Sabina Berman, as well as the "muralistas" Rivera, Siqueiros, and Orozco, have responded to these issues, contributing to the historic myths of the Mexican nation. Prerequisite: SPAN 321 or equivalent. Normally offered every three years.

For García Márquez, the Caribbean is a "hallucinated and hallucinating world where the maddest of illusions end up being true and the other side of reality is discovered." In this class, we will study the writing that such a reality has produced, focusing on contemporary works that represent and challenge colonialism and neocolonialism. We will consider essay, narrative, poetry, and theater by a variety of authors from Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico. The course will use as a theoretical perspective postcolonial studies and give particular emphasis to concepts like alterity, appropriation, counter-discourse, decolonization, diaspora, ethnicity, and transculturation, among others. Relevant theoretical voices from the region that have created a culture of resistance to the imperial order, and an introduction to the history of the region, will also be incorporated.The course is recommended for Spanish and international studies majors. Prerequisite: SPAN 321 or equivalent. Normally offered every three years.

This course has the goal of cultivating a theory and practice of creative writing in Spanish. Its foundation is contemporary Spanish American writing in Spanish, specifically, essays, short stories, and poetry. The class includes discussion of texts on the art of writing as well as of works that could be considered models for writing. In order to offer students the possibility of developing their craft, part of the course is taught using a workshop format. In addition to writing assignments and the sharing and critiquing of peer work, students complete an extensive creative writing project. This is not a composition course and requires a mature approach to offering and receiving criticism as well as an advanced proficiency in the language. Prerequisites: Span 324, 325 or permission of instructor.